Chapter NR 213

NR 213.10(1) (1) General.

NR 213.10(1)(a) (a) All lagoons shall be sealed to prevent excessive exfiltration.

NR 213.10(1)(a)1. 1. Natural soil materials, soil-bentonite mixtures or synthetic liners approved by the department may be used as lagoon liners.

NR 213.10(1)(a)2. 2. All liners shall be constructed with materials compatible with the wastewater to be contained by the lagoon.

NR 213.10(1)(a)3. 3. Prior to installation of any type of liner, the lagoon bottom shall be compacted to a depth of 6 inches, at a minimum to 95% of the maximum standard proctor dry density, at or above optimum moisture.

NR 213.10(1)(a)4. 4. All liners shall be constructed to provide a uniform barrier to exfiltration across the lagoon bottom, interior dike walls and extending up the dike wall to the berm.

NR 213.10(1)(a)5. 5. The department may require a liner to be protected by an inorganic layer of soil or crushed stone if necessary to protect against such things as photochemical reaction, ice or wave action, freeze-thaw action, liner floatation or vehicular traffic on the liner. This layer shall have a minimum thickness of one foot and be uniformly graded and free from large rocks, soil clumps and sticks. If a granular noncohesive soil is used, the department may require that a soil fabric securely attached to the berm be placed between the liner and the cover material to prevent slumping of the cover material.

NR 213.10(1)(a)6. 6. Riprap may be required along the air-water interface if necessary to minimize rodent activity or exposure and erosion of the liner or subgrade.

NR 213.10(1)(a)7. 7. For lagoons which will be empty for extended periods of time, a synthetic lining material shall be used to prevent liner degradation as a result of desiccation.

NR 213.10(1)(b) (b) Soil or soil-bentonite liners.

NR 213.10(1)(b)1. 1. The design standard for the co-efficient of permeability of soil or soil-bentonite liners may not exceed 1 x 10-7 cm/sec.

NR 213.10(1)(b)2. 2. The thickness of soil or soil-bentonite liners shall be determined according to Darcy’s equation and shall include an appropriate safety factor for construction variability. See Table 1.

- See PDF for table

NR 213.10(1)(b)3. 3. To a depth of 6 inches, a minimum of 15% of the unmodified soil upon which a soil or soil-bentonite liner is to be constructed shall pass a No. 200 sieve. If this requirement cannot be met, a soil filter fabric designed to retain those particles passing a No. 200 sieve shall be placed between the liner and the existing
soil.

NR 213.10(1)(b)4. 4. Soil or soil-bentonite liners shall be compacted at or above optimum moisture.

NR 213.10(1)(b)5. 5. A means shall be provided to prevent soil or soil-bentonite liners from desiccating after completion of construction and prior to placing the lagoon into operation.

NR 213.10(2) (2) Exfiltration rate.

NR 213.10(2)(a) (a) The design loss of wastewater or sludge from any lined lagoon may not exceed 500 gallons per acre per day.

NR 213.10(2)(b) (b) In circumstances where soil characteristics, groundwater quality, waste characteristics or concern with the liner-waste compatibility warrant, the department may require that more stringent exfiltration rates be met.

NR 213.10 History History: Cr. Register, July, 1984, No. 343, eff. 8-1-84; renum. from NR 213.07 and am. (1) (b) 2. and (2) (b), Register, June, 1990, No. 414, eff. 7-1-90.

NR 213.11 NR 213.11 Specific liner specifications.

NR 213.11(1) (1) Natural soil liner specifications.

NR 213.11(1)(a) (a) Natural soil liners shall consist of soils of which a minimum of 50% of the soil particles pass a No. 200 sieve.

NR 213.11(1)(b) (b) Natural soil to be used as a liner shall contain less than 2% organic material, and less than 5% by weight of the natural soil to be used shall be retained on a No. 4 sieve.

NR 213.11(1)(c) (c) Natural soil to be used as a liner shall have a plasticity index of at least 15.

NR 213.11(1)(d) (d) Natural soil liners shall be compacted to at least 95% of the maximum standard proctor dry density.

NR 213.11(1)(e) (e) Natural soil liners shall be constructed and compacted in lifts. A lift may not exceed a compacted thickness of 6 inches.

NR 213.11(1)(f) (f) Frost susceptible soils may not be used to construct a natural soil liner. Silts and silty sands shall be considered frost susceptible.

NR 213.11(1)(g) (g) When constructing natural soil liners with native in-place soils, the subbase shall be scarified prior to compaction. Subsequently, the existing base shall be scarified prior to placement of each successive lift.

NR 213.11(1)(h) (h) Natural soil liners shall be constructed under the direct supervision of a qualified soils technician or engineer, or geotechnical engineer.

NR 213.11(2) (2) Soil-bentonite liners.

NR 213.11(2)(a) (a) The soil to be mixed with the bentonite shall have a plasticity index of at least 12, a minimum of 30% of the soil by weight shall pass a No. 200 sieve, and less than 5% by weight shall be retained on a No. 4 sieve.

NR 213.11(2)(b) (b) Bentonite shall be applied at a rate recommended by the manufacturer or an independent soil expert. Completed soil-bentonite liners shall contain a minimum of 5% bentonite by dry weight.

NR 213.11(2)(c) (c) Ninety percent of the bentonite by weight shall pass a No. 80 sieve.

NR 213.11(2)(d) (d) Bentonite shall be thoroughly admixed with the soil throughout the entire thickness of each lift.

NR 213.11(2)(e) (e) Soil-bentonite liners shall be compacted to at least 85% of the maximum standard proctor dry density.

NR 213.11(2)(f) (f) Soil-bentonite liners shall be constructed under the direct supervision of a qualified representative of the bentonite manufacturer, soil technician or engineer, or geotechnical engineer.

NR 213.11(3) (3) Synthetic liners.

NR 213.11(3)(a) (a) Synthetic liners shall have a minimum thickness of 30 mils.

NR 213.11(3)(b) (b) Synthetic liners shall be installed under the direct supervision of a qualified manufacturer’s representative.

NR 213.11(3)(c) (c) To a depth of 6 inches below the bottom of synthetic liners, the soil shall be free from large rocks, angular stones, soil clumps, sticks or other material which may puncture the liner.

NR 213.11(3)(d) (d) Synthetic liners shall be securely anchored into the dike berm.

NR 213.11(3)(e) (e) Venting shall be provided beneath synthetic liners to prevent failure as a result of backpressure from gas accumulation or fluctuations in the watertable elevation. If a liner cover is provided, this requirement may be waived.

NR 213.11(3)(f) (f) Prior to constructing synthetic liners, the underlying soils shall be treated with an herbicide in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

NR 213.11 History History: Cr. Register, July, 1984, No. 343, eff. 8-1-84; renum. from NR 213.08, Register, June, 1990, No. 414, eff. 7-1-90.

NR 213.12 NR 213.12 Quality assurance and testing requirements.

NR 213.12(1) (1) General.

NR 213.12(1)(a) (a) All liners shall be tested before the lagoons are put into operation to ensure that all performance standards and design specifications as approved have been met. A post-construction report shall be submitted to the department for approval prior to discharging any wastes into the lagoons. The report shall include: all material test results required under sub. (2) or (3); plan sheets illustrating final elevations, slopes and test locations; a discussion of weather conditions and any unexpected conditions encountered during construction.

NR 213.12(1)(b) (b) Testing shall be performed in accordance with sub. (2) or (3), or any other method approved by the department.

NR 213.12(1)(c) (c) All tests shall be performed under the direct supervision of the design engineer except for tests on synthetic or soil-bentonite liners, which shall be performed under the direct supervision of a representative of the manufacturer unless otherwise specified by the department in the plan approval.

NR 213.12(2) (2) Soil or soil-bentonite liners.

NR 213.12(2)(a) (a) Following completion of construction and prior to being put into use, core samples of soil or soil-bentonite liners shall be taken in accordance with ASTM D1587 (1983). A minimum of 5 samples per acre of liner surface shall be taken. The samples shall be split proportionately between the wetted areas of the bottom and interior walls of the dikes relative to the total area of each and spaced to provide representative samples of the liner. For lagoons less than one acre in size, a minimum of 5 samples shall be taken.

NR 213.12(2)(b) (b) The core samples shall be tested by a soil testing laboratory or engineering firm for the following parameters: dry unit weight density, moisture content, degree of compaction, liner thickness, particle size distribution and Atterberg limits. Additionally, permeability tests shall be performed on a minimum of 3 of every 5 core samples. The design standards for liner thickness and permeability shall be considered met if:

NR 213.12(2)(b)1. 1. The average thickness of soil or soil-bentonite liners and cover samples, analyzed separately, are equal to or greater than the specified design thickness; and

NR 213.12(2)(b)2. 2. An individual sample does not have a thickness which is less than the design thickness by more than 0.1 foot; and

NR 213.12(2)(b)3. 3. The permeability of at least 60% of the liner samples tested are equal to or less than the design permeability; and

NR 213.12(2)(b)4. 4. An individual sample does not have a permeability more than one order of magnitude greater than the design permeability.

NR 213.12(2)(c) (c) All test holes shall be backfilled using materials identical to the liner design materials and compacted.

NR 213.12(3) (3) Synthetic liners. Subsequent to installation of synthetic liners and prior to placement of the liner cover, all field constructed seams shall be tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations to insure the integrity of the liner. All faulty seams shall be repaired and retested until a proper seal is obtained.

NR 213.12 Note Note: Copies of ASTM D1587 may be inspected at the offices of the department, the secretary of state and the legislative reference bureau. Copies of ASTM standards may also be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

NR 213.12 History History: Cr. Register, July, 1984, No. 343, eff. 8-1-84; renum. from NR 213.09, Register, June, 1990, No. 414, eff. 7-1-90; am. (2) (a), Register, April, 1991, No. 424, eff. 5-1-91.

subch. III of ch. NR 213 Subchapter III — Design of Storage Structures

NR 213.13 NR 213.13 Requirements for sweet corn silage stacks of greater than 150 tons which do not exceed 1200 tons at any one time. Sweet corn silage stacks which do not exceed 1200 tons per site at any one time are not required to meet the specifications of s. NR 213.14 if subs. (1), (2) and (3) are met. This section does not apply to sweet corn silage stacks of less than 150 tons per site at any one time.

NR 213.13(1) (1) General site criteria. Sites used for stacking of sweet corn silage which do not exceed 1200 tons per site at any one time shall meet the following conditions:

NR 213.13(1)(a) (a) At least 50% of the natural soil in the upper 24 inches passes a No. 200 sieve.

NR 213.13(1)(b) (b) No greater than 5% by weight of the upper 24 inches of the natural soil is retained on a No. 4 sieve.

NR 213.13(1)(c) (c) The plasticity index of the natural soil is equal to or greater than 7.

NR 213.13(1)(d) (d) The stack is located at least 1000 feet from any well serving a community public water supply system and at least 250 feet from any other potable water supply well.

NR 213.13(1)(e) (e) The stack is located at least 500 feet from an inhabited dwelling except that this distance may be reduced with the written permission from the owner and occupants of the residence.

NR 213.13(1)(f) (f) The stack is located at least 5 vertical feet from the groundwater or bedrock.

NR 213.13(1)(g) (g) The base of the stack is located on a site that does not exceed 2% slope.

NR 213.13(1)(h) (h) The stack is located at least 200 feet from the nearest surface water.

NR 213.13(2) (2) Leachate management. Leachate from the stack shall be collected and landspread in a manner that prevents surface water and groundwater pollution.

NR 213.13(3) (3) Documentation of compliance. Documentation of compliance with subs. (1) and (2) shall be submitted to the department for review and acceptance prior to use of the site for stacking of sweet corn silage.

NR 213.13 History History: Cr. Register, June, 1990, No. 414, eff. 7-1-90.

NR 213.14 NR 213.14 Stack structures for by-product solids. This section shall be applicable to all by-product solids stacks except those stacks identified in s. NR 213.02 (2) (e) or those stacks which meet the requirements of s. NR 213.13.

NR 213.14(1) (1) General submittal requirements.

NR 213.14(1)(a) (a) An engineering report and plans and specifications shall be submitted to the department for approval in accordance with s. 281.41, Stats., prior to initiating construction.

NR 213.14 Note Note: The department recommends that whenever possible, a preliminary engineering report outlining the project and including any available information required under par. (b) be submitted prior to submittal of final plans.

NR 213.14(1)(b) (b) The engineering report shall outline the entire project and include, at a minimum, the following information: legal description of the site subgrade conditions, soil classification, percent soil passing a No. 200 sieve, soil plasticity index, depth to bedrock and to seasonal high groundwaters, waste sources, and waste volume and materials and specifications of the proposed structure.

NR 213.14(2) (2) General design and construction criteria.

NR 213.14(2)(a) (a) The base, walls and joints of the by-product solids stack structure shall be constructed for maximum containment of any leachate generated such that all leachate is conveyed to and stored in an approved leachate storage facility.

NR 213.14(2)(b) (b) The minimum slope for the base of the structure shall be 2%.

NR 213.14(2)(c) (c) Construction of bituminous concrete structures and concrete structures shall comply with the WDOT standards for road and bridge construction. Other materials for stack structures may be proposed in the plans and specifications submitted to the department. Approval of any material shall be based on the capability of the material to meet the purpose of this chapter.

NR 213.14 Note Note: Copies of WDOT standards may be inspected at the offices of the department, the secretary of state and the legislative reference bureau.

NR 213.14(3) (3) Site preparation.

NR 213.14(3)(a) (a) Prior to construction, the site area shall be cleared of all vegetation, brush, roots and stumps. Materials encountered above the required elevations shall be excavated and all depressions in the subgrade shall be filled. The subgrade shall be smoothed, shaped and compacted to the required grade, section and uniform density. The subgrade shall be scarified to the depth necessary for shaping and compaction. Stones over 6 inches in diameter shall be removed during site preparation.

NR 213.14(4) (4) Bituminous concrete structure design and construction criteria.

NR 213.14(4)(a) (a) The pavement structure shall consist of a minimum of 10 inches of well drained subgrade or subbase. A suitable subgrade is one with 35% or less passing a No. 200 sieve, and a plasticity index of 10 or less. The base course shall contain a minimum 8 inches of crushed aggregate and the surface course shall be 3 inches of bituminous concrete pavement in 2 layers.